A groundbreaking study has shown a significant rise in stimulant drug consumption in Europe, as wastewater analysis from 130 cities reveals an increase in the use of MDMA, cocaine, and amphetamines. The study, conducted by the SCORE group and the European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA), provides an in-depth look into the illicit drug habits of millions of people in 26 European countries.
European Stimulant Drug Use: Key Findings
The study, which examined the wastewater from 128 cities, focused on five key stimulant drugs: cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), amphetamines, methamphetamines, and ketamine. By analyzing traces of these drugs in sewage, scientists were able to estimate consumption patterns across Europe.
One of the main highlights is the sharp increase in stimulant drug use, particularly cocaine. While cocaine use had remained stable from 2011 to 2015, it began rising significantly after 2016. Cities in Western and Southern Europe, such as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands, saw the highest levels of consumption.
The 2024 data reveals that cocaine residues continued to rise, with 39 out of 72 cities showing higher levels than in 2023. In Belgium, cities like Brussels and Antwerp experienced a dramatic increase in daily cocaine consumption.
Weekend Spike in MDMA Usage
The study also observed an increase in the use of MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy. Particularly high MDMA use was recorded in countries such as Belgium, Czechia, Portugal, and the Netherlands. The analysis highlighted that MDMA consumption peaks during weekends, which reflects its common use in party and recreational settings.
Cannabis Use Declines Across Europe
Cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug in Europe, saw a decline in consumption in most cities in 2024. Despite this, it remains prevalent in countries like Spain, the Netherlands, and Portugal. In total, around 22.8 million people are estimated to have used cannabis in Europe last year.
While cannabis remains illegal in many European countries, some nations, including Germany, Luxembourg, and Malta, have taken steps to legalize it under specific conditions.
Changing European Drug Policies and Trends
The European Drug Agency’s 2024 report points to ongoing debates about how cannabis should be regulated. As public opinion shifts, the future of drug regulation in Europe remains uncertain, with various countries exploring different approaches to cannabis policy.
The results of this study offer valuable insights into the evolving landscape of illicit drug consumption in Europe and shed light on the rising use of stimulants, especially MDMA and cocaine.